入门

要开始使用 pip，您应该 在您的系统上安装 Python。

确保您拥有一个可用的 pip

第一步，您应该检查您是否拥有一个安装了 pip 的可用的 Python。这可以通过运行以下命令来完成，并确保输出看起来类似。

Linux

$ python --version
Python 3.N.N
$ python -m pip --version
pip X.Y.Z from ... (python 3.N.N)

MacOS

$ python --version
Python 3.N.N
$ python -m pip --version
pip X.Y.Z from ... (python 3.N.N)

Windows

C:> py --version
Python 3.N.N
C:> py -m pip --version
pip X.Y.Z from ... (python 3.N.N)

如果成功，恭喜！您的环境中有一个可用的 pip。

如果您得到的输出与上面的示例不同，请阅读 安装 页面。它提供了有关如何在没有 pip 的 Python 环境中安装 pip 的指导。

常见任务

安装一个包

Linux

$ python -m pip install sampleproject
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install sampleproject
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install sampleproject
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

默认情况下，pip 将从 Python 包索引 获取包，这是一个 Python 编程语言软件存储库，任何人都可以上传包。

从 GitHub 安装一个包

Linux

$ python -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

有关此语法，请参阅 VCS 支持。

从分发文件安装一个包

pip 也可以直接从分发文件安装。它们有两种形式

• 源代码分发（通常缩写为“sdist”）

• 轮式分发（通常缩写为“wheel”）

Linux

$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject
$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject
$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject
C:> py -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

使用需求文件安装多个包

许多 Python 项目使用 requirements.txt 文件来指定运行项目所需安装的包列表。要安装该文件中列出的包，您可以运行

Linux

$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install -r requirements.txt
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

升级一个包

Linux

$ python -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject
   [...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject
   [...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject
   [...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

卸载一个包

Linux

$ python -m pip uninstall sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (Y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip uninstall sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (Y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip uninstall sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (Y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

下一步

建议您了解什么是虚拟环境以及如何使用它们。这在 安装包 教程中介绍，该教程位于 packaging.python.org。